Communication And Network

Modulation

Modulation is the process of transmitting information or signal to an electronic or optical signal carrier. It can be used to direct current, alternating current and also optical signals. 






Demodulation

Demodulation is the opposite of modulation. It is the process of taking out the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave. It is an electronic circuit which is used to bring back information content from the modulated carrier wave.






Bandwidth

Bandwidth has two or more meaning. In computer networks, it is the amount of data which can be carried from one point to the another in a given time period which is usually in a second. It is usually expressed in bits of data per second.  On the other hand, in electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. 






TCP/IP

TCP/IP which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the fundamental communication language or protocol of the Internet. Besides that, it can also be used as a communication protocol in a private network either is an intranet or an extranet. 




Node

A node is a connection point, it can either be a redistribution point or an end point for data transmissions. Basically, it has programmed or engineered capability to process and recognize or forward transmission to another nodes.  




Client

A client is a type of requesting program or user in a client/server relationship. For instance, a user of a Web browser is successfully making client request for pages from servers all over the Web. This makes the browser itself is a client in its relationship with the computer that is getting and returning the requested HTML file. 




Server

A network server is a type of computer that is built and designed to process requests and send data to another client computers over a local network or the Internet.

Network Operating Systems

A network operating system is a computer operating system's that is created primarily to support workstation, personal computer and some older terminal that are connected on a local area network (LAN). It also provide printer sharing,application sharing, and also the ability to make the network manage name directory, security and many more.






Network Administrator

A network administrator is in charge of maintaining an organization's local area network. It connects computers and other equipment that shares the same communications line of network server.

Secondary Storage

Disk Caching

Disc Caching is a process where portion of RAM which is used to speed up the access to data on a disk. The RAM cab also be a part of the disk drive itself which is sometimes called a hard disk cache or buffer. It can also be a general-purpose RAM in the computer that is reserved for use by the disk drive. Hard disk caches are more effective,but are much more expensive, and smaller.

File Compression

File compression is often used when sending a file from one computer to another by a connection that has limited bandwidth. It makes the file smaller which makes the sending of the file faster. When compressing a file and sending it to another computer that computer has to have a program that will decompress the file so that it can go back to being normal and used.




File Decompression

File Decompression is the encoding of data so that they can consume less space and bandwidth. It is the reverse of decoding of compressed data to restore the original data.


Internet Hard Drive

An Internet Hard Drive enables the user to access computer files such as pictures, documents or music from any computer as long as they are connected to the Internet. Internet hard drive allow you to save your computer files into a remote hard drive and then later access those very same files from any other computers.



Optical DISC Drive

An optical DISC drive is a storage medium from which data is read and written by lasers. It can store much more data which is up to 6 gigabytes than most portable magnetic media such as floppies.



Solid-state Storage

A solid-state storage is a nonvolatile and removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits rather than magnetic or optical media such as flash memory Universal Serial Bus(USB) devices and various propriety removable packages that is intended to replace external hard drives.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard ia a type of keyboard that is designed with the ergonomic considerations to help minimize music strain and many other related problems.



Inkjet printer

An inkjet printer is a type of printer that makes a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto the paper. It is one of the most commonly used type of printer.



Laser printer

The laser printer is the well known type of personal computer printer that uses a non-impact photocopier technology. After a document was sent to the printer, a laser beam "draws" the document on a selenium-coated drum using electrical charges. After that, the drum that is fully charged will be rolled in  a toner, a dry powder type of ink. The toner will then adheres to the charged image on the drum. The toner is then transferred onto a piece of paper and fused to the paper with heat and pressure. Most laser printers print only in monochrome.


Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition

A magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) is a type of a character recognition technology used by the banking industry to help the processing of cheques. It allows computers to read information such as the account numbers off printed documents. MICR codes can be easily read by the humans.



Optical-character recognition

The optical character recognition (OCR) is the recognition of printed or written text characters by a computer that involves photo scanning of the text character-by-character, analysis of the scanned-in image and also the translation of the character image into character codes such as ASCII which is commonly used in data processing.

Optical-Mark Recognition

An optical mark recognition (OMR) is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.

System Unit

RAM

RAM or Random Access Memory take place in the computer's operating system,application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly approached by the computer's processor. It is much faster and easier to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, floppy disks and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there until your computer stops running. It will loses its data when the computer is turned off.



Cache Memory

Cache memory is random access memory or RAM that a computer microprocessor can access faster than it can access regular RAM. While the microprocessor processes data, it will look first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there, it will not be time consuming reading of data from bigger memory. It is also described in level of closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor.



ROM

ROM or Read Only Memory retains stored information even when the computer is turned off. It is normally used for storing programs and data that need not be change once stored. The processor uses ROM to store and execute programs instructions.



Flash memory

Flash memory, sometimes known as the flash RAM is a type of constantly-powered nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. It is a alternative of EEPROM or electrically erasable programmable read -only memory. Flash memory is often used to hold control code such as the basic input/output system (BIOS) in a personal computer. It is used in digital cellular phones, digital cameras, LAN switches, PC cards for notebook computer,embedded controllers and other devices.





Graphic Card

A graphic card is a display adapter which is installed inside of a computer and works to display images on the monitor. Its job is to display images on the computer's monitor. Information is then communicated from the computer's  CPU (Central Processing Unit) to the graphic card. The information that is transmitted is converted into a picture that the computer's user can understand.



Sound card

A sound card is an expansion board which enables the computer to manipulate and output sound. It is necessary for almost all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers. Sound cards enables the computer to output sound through speakers connected to the board,to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer and then manipulate sound stored on a disk.



Network Interface Card

Network Interface Card is a device that allows computers to be joined together in a LAN or local area network. Network interface card provide a dedicated,full-time connection to a network.


Plug and play

Plug and play is a technology that allows the operating system that gives the users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there. There is no need for the user to tell the computer.




Serial Port

Serial Port is a connector by which a device that sends data one bit at a time and may be connected to a computer.


Parallel Port

A parallel port is a interface that connects an external device such as a printer. It uses the 25 pin connector and is used to connect printers,computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. A parallel port is a port straight away from the main bus system in the computer.

Universal Serial Bus Port

Universal Serial Bus Port (USB) is a commonly used hardware interface for attaching peripherals to the computer. There are at least two USB ports on laptops and four on desktop computers,while USB "hubs" allow many more connections. They can be plugged in and unplugged while the computer is on.




Firewire port

Firewire port is a serial bus that was created by Apple via IEEE 1394 which is a high performance serial bus for connecting devices to the personal computer. It provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 3 devices that can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps.




Ethernet Port

Ethernet Port is a socket on a computer or network devices to plug in an Ethernet Port.

High Definition Multimedia Interface

High Definition Multimedia Interface is a audio connection system and digital video which is used to connect a variety of audio/video (HDTV). It supports all HDTV formats and it supports for up to eight channels of digital audio.

Basic and Specialized Software Application.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Graphical User Interface is a program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make it easier to use. A well-designed graphical user interface makes the user free from learning complez command languages. Besides that, many users work more effectively with a command-driven inteface, especially if thet already know the command language.


Word Processor

Word Processor is a program that perform word processing, It is the most common computer application of all computer application.A word processor enables you to create documets, stores it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard and print it on a printer.

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet appliaction are computer programs that let you manicpulate and create spreadsheets electronically. Each value sits in a cell in a speardsheet appliacation. The relationships between cells are called formulas and the names of the cells are called labels.



DBMS

DBMS is short for database management system. It is a system rhat organized groups of records that share a common field value. Multidimensional databases are often generated from relational databases. Relational databases make it easy to work with individual records, whereas multidimensional database are designed for analyzing large group of records.


Utility Suites

It is a program that is designed to operate the computer and makes the computer runs faster.


Web Authoring

Web Authoring is a category of software that enables the user to develop a Web site in a desktop publishing format. The software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages based on what the user designs. Ususally, the user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code.




Audio Editing Software

Audio Editing Software is a software for audio editing, for example, to manipulate a digital audio. Digital audio editors are the main software component of a digital audio workstation.

Bitmap Image

A bitmap is a display space and the colour for each of the pixel in the display space. Examples of graphic image file types that contain bitmaps are JPEG and graphics interchange format. It does not need to contain a bit of color-coded information on every row and only needs to contain information indicating a new color as the display scans along a row. So, an image with with much solid colour will need a small bitmap.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop publishing program is a program that combine and rearrange text and images creating digital file. It is the use of the computer and software to create visual displays of ideas and information.

HTML Editor

HTML editor is a software that creates web pages. Specialized HTML editors can offer more convenience and added more functionality to a HTML markup of a web page. HTML editors can also work with related technologies like CSS, XML and Javascript. They can also manage communication with remote web servers such as FTP and WebDAV.


Image Editor

An image editor is a program that provides the many choices of special features for altering bit-mapped images. Image editors are specialized for modifying bit-mapped images, like scanned photographs.


Multimedia

Multimedia is a program that present text, graphics, video, animation and sound in an integrated way. It is an extention of hypertext that allows the flowing of audio and video material to a computer text.






Vector Image

A vector image is a system that uses basic geometric shapes like lines, circles, polygons and curves to create a graphic image. Every image usually contains very little data, like the starting point of the object,size and colour.

The Internet, The Web, and Electronic Commerce

URL

URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locater". It is the adress of a specific Web site or file on the Internet. It cannot have spaces or certain other charaters and uses forward slashes to denote different directories. The first part of a URL indicates what kind of resource it is addresing.


HTML

HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup Language. It is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web broser page. The markup tells the Web browser on how to display a Web page's word and images for the user. Each of the individual markup code is reffered to as an element but many people also refer to it as a tag.


Javascript

Javascript is a scripting language that was developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. Javascript can interact with HTML source code,enambling Web authors to kick up their sites with dynamic content. It is an open language that anyone can use without purchasing a licence. It is also supported by recent browers from Netscape and Microsoft.


Applets

An applet is a program designed to carry out a task from within another appication. Applets cannot be executed directly from the operating system. WIth the growing popularity of object linking and embedding, applets are becoming more prevalent. A well-designed applet can be invoked from many diffrent applications.Web browers, which are often equipped with Java virtual machines, can intepret applets from Web servers.



Blogs

A blog is a web site containing the writer's group of writers' own experience,thoughts, observation,opinions and more. Most blogs are interactive. They allowed visitors to leave comments and even message each other via widgets on the blogs.


Wikis

A wiki is a Web site that allows users to add and update content on the site using their own Web browsers because of the software that runs on the Web server. Wikis end up being created mainly by the many effort of the site visitors. One example of a large wiki is the Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia in many language that anyone can edit.

FTP

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.  It is a technique of transferring both ASCII and Binary files between networked computers. For FTP to work an FTP server must be running on the target PC and usually it requires a user-name and password to log in. FTP servers can be configured to allow anonymous access.

Plug-in

Plug-in is a software that is installed into an existing application in order to enhance its capability. Plug-ins are widely used in image editing programs such as Photoshop to add some special effect. Plug-ins are added to Web browsers to enable them to support different type of content, for example audio,video and etc.




Filters

A filter is a program that accepts a certain type of data as an input, transforms it in some manner and the outputs the transformed data. For example, a program that sorts names is a filter because it accepts the names in unsorted order,sorts them, and then outputs the sorted names.


 Internet Security Suite

Internet Security Suite is a suite of utilities for maintaining the security of a software. Examples of internet security suite are antivirus,personal firewall, spam blocker and popup blocker. They offers peace of mind from a growing array of risks that increase rapidly as more PCs become accessible through the Internet.